On the huge assembly line, several workers were familiar with operating the instruments in their hands. Every 15 minutes, a piece of reinforced concrete prefabricated component slides out slowly. After several hours of maintenance, the component can leave the factory and go to construction sites all over Shanghai. On these construction sites with prefabricated buildings, prefabricated components can be like "building blocks" In the same way, quickly "build" a building.

The "Three-Year Action Plan for Green Building Development in Shanghai" issued the year before last made it clear that by 2016, all new civil buildings in Shanghai's outer ring road will be prefabricated buildings in principle. Now more than half of the time, there are 8 new automated assembly lines like the above in the city this year, and the annual production capacity of prefabricated components has reached about 9 million square meters. According to the industry's judgment, Shanghai's prefabricated buildings have stood on the "window" and will usher in a market explosion next year.

The production line has only 12 workers

The owner of the above-mentioned assembly line is China Construction Aviation Construction Industry Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Construction Aviation"). The company was jointly invested and established by China Construction Eighth Bureau, China Communications Third Aviation Bureau and China Construction Development Corporation. It was officially put into operation in April this year. At present, the annual production capacity of the reinforced concrete prefabricated component line is 100,000 cubic meters; The area is 250,000 square meters. This means that, according to the current relevant requirements of prefabricated buildings, only one assembly line of this company can meet the prefabricated building consumption of more than 200 ordinary small high-rise residential buildings every year.

It is surprising that with such a large-scale production capacity, there are only 12 workers on the production line.

"Our company has a very high degree of automated production, which is also the advantage of prefabricated buildings." said Lu Yanwen, chairman of China Construction Airlines.

Prefabricated buildings, as the name implies, are to first produce all kinds of prefabricated components required for the building in the factory, and then transport them to the construction site for assembly. The first-phase workshop of China Construction Aviation covers an area of ​​11,000 square meters. Whether it is tying steel bars, pouring concrete, and curing concrete, it can be done in the workshop. The entire process can be monitored through the central control room, the steel mesh can be precisely positioned according to the formwork, the amount of concrete pouring and the frequency of vibration, as well as the temperature and humidity required for maintenance can also be set in advance. Here, the scene of a large number of construction workers sweating has become a thing of the past. A limited number of workers operate buttons and debug like video games in the comfortable and spacious workshop, and the steel components are produced in an orderly manner.

The production and processing of special-shaped components has always been a difficult point in prefabricated buildings. China Construction Aviation pioneered a fixed mold table production line with an area of ​​​​36 square meters. Bay windows, stairs, flower beds... are produced piece by piece like "building blocks". China Construction Aviation has also introduced BIM technology, 3D modeling, etc., which can currently meet the production and production of almost all components of prefabricated buildings.

The market prospect of "construction industrialization" is huge

"Prefabricated buildings" are considered to be the core of "building industrialization". It is the development trend of the entire construction industry to let the "factory" replace the "construction site", and let every standardized industrial product replace the non-standard products poured on site on the construction site.

This is first and foremost a requirement of environmental protection. Dust noise is the most troublesome problem in traditional construction sites, and the construction site using prefabricated buildings has less dust, less noise, and a short construction period.

The second is the reality facing the construction industry. Lu Yanwen, who has been in the construction industry for nearly 30 years, said that labor costs in the construction industry have increased in recent years, and the new generation of migrant workers are reluctant to work as construction workers. After the industrialization of construction, it can not only save a lot of labor, but also change the way of working in the traditional construction industry and cultivate real industrial workers.

In the 1970s and 1980s, prefabricated hollow floor slabs once dominated the domestic market, but gradually faded out due to issues such as earthquake resistance and waterproofing. The performance of today's prefabricated building components far exceeds that of the original prefabricated panels. If the technology is in place, the earthquake resistance and waterproofness will be better than that of cast-in-place. Through the benign interaction between the traditional construction industry and the advanced manufacturing industry, the deep integration of construction industrialization and building informatization, the existing technology of prefabricated buildings can fully meet the needs of the current domestic construction industry.

Cultivating a prefabricated industrial chain in Shanghai

According to the data provided by the Energy-Saving Materials Department of the Municipal Construction Management Committee, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the United States is about 35%. All public housing and 60% of commercial projects in Hong Kong, China use prefabricated technology. In Japan, where earthquakes are prone to occur, 50% of Residential and 85% of the high-rise use prefabricated technology. At present, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in my country is less than 10%.

Until last year, there were few mature prefabricated construction factories in Shanghai. The sales offices of the Hongqiao Ecological Business District built by China Construction Eighth Bureau the year before last are all prefabricated buildings, but the supply of components relies on temporary factories. After several prefabricated construction projects were completed, China Construction Eighth Bureau decided to build a factory that integrates the whole process from development and design, to production and construction, to management and maintenance.

This really caught up with a trend. The Municipal Construction Management Committee is focusing on cultivating the industrial chain of prefabricated buildings, requiring leading enterprises like China Construction Eighth Bureau to take the lead in transformation, and at the same time build an industrial collaboration platform and industrial alliance. Since the release of the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of Green Buildings in Shanghai", Shanghai has successively issued a number of policies related to the development of prefabricated buildings. For example, if the prefabricated building is adopted independently, the enterprise can reward the floor area ratio of no more than 3%; the prefabricated building reaches a certain scale, and can be subsidized according to the area, with a maximum subsidy of 10 million yuan; the new commercial housing that implements the prefabricated building can also be subsidized. Pre-sale in advance.